Toxicological concerns in the commercialization of nanoscale thin films for biomedical applications

Vysakh, V G and Sukumaran, Sandhya and Ashok, Abhinav and Gopalakrishnan, A (2026) Toxicological concerns in the commercialization of nanoscale thin films for biomedical applications. In: Nanoscale Thin Films for Biomedical Applications. Elsevier, pp. 541-580. ISBN 978-0-443-18929-6

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Abstract

The commercialization of nanoscale thin films for biomedical applications presents significant promise in drug delivery, implant coatings, biosensors, and regenerative medicine. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by critical toxicological, ethical, and regulatory concerns. The unique physicochemical properties of nanoscale thin films, including high surface reactivity, potential cytotoxicity, and bioaccumulation risks, necessitate rigorous toxicological assessments to ensure biocompatibility and minimize unintended health effects. Ethical challenges arise from uncertainties in long-term exposure, informed consent in clinical applications, and environmental impacts of nanomaterial disposal. Regulatory frameworks struggle to keep pace with rapid technological advancements, leading to gaps in standardization, classification, and risk assessment methodologies. This chapter examines the toxicological risks associated with nanoscale thin films, ethical dilemmas in their biomedical use, and evolving regulatory landscapes. It highlights the need for multidisciplinary approaches to establish robust safety protocols, harmonized global regulations, and sustainable strategies for the responsible commercialization of nanoscale thin films in biomedical applications.

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