George, Saju and Vipinkumar, V P and Anuja, A R and Jenni, B and Ambrose, T V (2026) Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and Fish Farmer Producer Organizations (FFPOs) in India: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Way Forward. In: Beyond Blue Horizons Training Manual for BSc (Agri) students of Kerala Agricultural University. ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, pp. 83-89.
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Abstract
Collective action has always been central to rural development in India, particularly in agriculture and allied sectors. Small and marginal farmers often face challenges such as limited access to markets, credit, and modern technologies. To address these issues, the Farmer Producer Organization (FPO) model was institutionalized, offering smallholders an opportunity to aggregate their resources and improve bargaining power. Building on this model, the fisheries sector has seen the rise of Fish Farmer Producer Organizations (FFPOs), designed to bring fishers and aquaculture farmers into collective frameworks for sustainable growth. With strong policy support from agencies such as the Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC), NABARD, and the Department of Fisheries, FPOs and FFPOs have emerged as powerful vehicles for rural transformation.
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