Photo bioreactor based Microalgae culture

Xavier, Biji and Kizhakudan, Joe K and Balla, Vamsi and Venkatesh, R P (2024) Photo bioreactor based Microalgae culture. In: Marine Microalgae culture Techniques. CMFRI Training Manual Series No. 46/2024 . ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Visakhapatnam, pp. 38-47.

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Abstract

Microalgae are considered as a valuable organic resource with a potential application in finfish, shellfish and molluscan culture. Being, rich source of essential fatty acids (EPA and DHA), the microalgae have very important role even in human nutrition. Microalgae culture forms an inevitable component in aquaculture venture especially seed production of either finfishes or shell fishes. Cultivated microalgae have long been integral to the hatchery production of many farmed finfish, shellfish and other commercially important aquaculture species. Molluscs like oysters, mussels and clams filter them from the sea water in all stages of life. Rotifers and brine shrimps also ingest algae, and are then themselves used as food for larval fish and prawns. The shrimphatcheries use micro algae as food for the early larvae and later for the water quality maintenance. In many hatchery systems algae are added to the water containing larvae to improve the ‘quality’ of water as green water systems. The production of live algae is very critical in the successful hatchery management. In the natural environment, the larvae feed on any minute plant components which are readily available to them. But in a hatchery, the feed which are acceptable to the larvae for their growth and further development have to be identified and isolated. In the early critical stages of the rearing larvae of fin fishes and shellfishes, the phytoflagellates (species of Isochrysis, Pavlova, Dicrateria, Chromulina and Tetraselmis) and other nanoplankters (species of Chlorella and Synechocystis) form the basic food. But in the post larval stages of crustaceans and spat or juvenile stages of bivalves, the diatoms (species of Chaetoceros, Skeletonema and Thalassiosira) form the primary food. Hence the culture of micro algae is an essential prerequisite for the rearing operations of economically important cultivable organisms in a hatchery system.

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