Marine biodiversity and fisheries environment management

George, Grinson and Sobhana, K S and Vineetha, G (2024) Marine biodiversity and fisheries environment management. In: Training manual on Fisheries Management Practices and Techniques. CMFRI Training Manual Series No. 43/2024 . ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, pp. 110-121.

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Abstract

Biodiversity or biological diversity refers to the enormous variety of life forms on earth spanning all levels of biological organisation from genes to ecosystems. The term “biodiversity” was coined by Walter G Rosen in 1985. Later, it became a cornerstone in conservation biology and environmental science highlighting the interconnectedness and variety of life forms on earth. Marine biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life forms in ocean. It encompasses organisms spanning size range from microscopic virioplankton to large mammals inhabiting marine habitats ranging from the sunlit coastal waters to the deepest oceanic trenches (Ormond et al., 1997). As per the World Register of Marine Species (WORMS) 2022 census, approximately 242,000 marine species are described till date and even continue to be discovered and named at a current average of 2332 new species per year.

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