Economics, visible turnover, and impacts

Kizhakudan, Joe K and Kizhakudan, Shoba Joe and Geetha, R and Remya, L and Narayanakumar, R (2023) Economics, visible turnover, and impacts. In: Course Manual on Fundamentals of Artificial Reefs for Improving Marine Fisheries in India. CMFRI Training Manual Series (32). ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, pp. 108-110.

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Abstract

An assembly of 150-250 units of the various modules at one village site constitute one Artificial Reef and this provides a faunistic support area of 0.10 Ha and 0.17 ha in the latest versions per site on the sea bed. The area of Influence of fish was observed to extend up to 200-300 m from the epicentre of the reef for surface and midwater fauna and up to 100 m for bottom fauna. Primary Efficient Boundary and Secondary Efficient Boundary were found to be 200-400 m and 400-600 m for surface waters, and 40-200 m & 200-400 m for bottom waters. Fish fauna was found to be 10 to 15-fold higher in bottom waters and 20 to 25-fold higher in surface waters as compared to the adjacent non-reef area. Maximum catch in gill nets were observed from 40-60 m extending from the periphery of the reefs. Nearly 10-15-fold increase is observed in the number of fish species occurring per unit area of the reef when compared to the non-reef area in the same zone. The resources (rare and over-exploited resources) like large sciaenids (Protonibea diacanthus), blue spotted rays, sharks, parrot fishes, black perch, serranids and many grouper species are remerging at the reef sites. Several sites have established as spiny lobster seed settlements and cuttlefish breeding (egg attachment) grounds. Similarly, galatheid lobsters, pistol shrimps, camel shrimps, marbled shrimps, pearl oysters, edible oysters, mussels, amphioxus, polychaetes, echinoderms, sedentary coelenterates-corals, soft and hard etc. breed and multiply on the substrates.

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