Report on swimbladder disorder in the honeycomb grouper, Epinephelus merra

Sharma, S R Krupesha and Anil, M K and Udayakumar, A (2009) Report on swimbladder disorder in the honeycomb grouper, Epinephelus merra. Marine Fisheries Information Service T&E Series (202). p. 16.

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Abstract

Swimbladder or airbladder is a thin layered epithelial sac filled with air, lying above the alimentary canal of bony fishes that regulates buoyancy of the fish so that the specific gravity of the fish always matches the depth at which it is swimming. Swimbladder disorder (SBD) is a condition caused by sudden temperature changes impacted stomach resulting from improper feeding or due to bacterial or viral infections of the bladder characterised by inability of the fish to keep a normal upright position in water. Normally gold fishes suffer from SBD due to their globoid body shape. Fish with SBD may float on their side or their back, swim in circles or take head-down posture.

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