Harnessing the power of microbial consortia for sustainable fish waste treatment

Sumithra, T G (2025) Harnessing the power of microbial consortia for sustainable fish waste treatment. In: Breakthrough Expedition: Science Camp Manual on Experiential AgriAnalytics: Field-to-Lab Knowledge Pathways for BSc (Agri) students of Kerala Agricultural University. ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, pp. 92-102.

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Abstract

The global population is expected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100 (UN report 2017), significantly increasing the demand for food. Further, the increasing economic growth and growing awareness of balanced nutrition shift the nutrition demand of people towards higher consumption of animal-based products and diverse food items. Among different food production sectors, the fisheries sector is critically important in providing food safety and employment for the growing global population. Currently, fish provides > 4.5 billion people with a minimum of 15% of their average per capita animal protein intake (FAO 2016). Fisheries and aquaculture have been the world’s fastest-growing food industries for the last 40 years and this trend is predicted to continue (Bene et al. 2015). The global fisheries and aquaculture production has reached 223.2 million tonnes in 2022 with a 4.4% increase from 2020 (FAO 2024). As a result, there has been a sharp increase in fish waste worldwide. It is estimated that ~10% of the global fish catch (>90 million tonnes) is currently discarded, and fish processing wastes including heads, bones, scales, viscera, gills, and skin account for up to 70% of the whole fish weight (Boronat et al. 2023).

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