Identification of Groupers and Snappers available in Indian Waters

Nair, Rekha J and Vishnupriya, K M and Sangeetha, A T and Mahesh, V (2022) Identification of Groupers and Snappers available in Indian Waters. In: ICAR-CMFRI -Winter School on Recent Development in Taxonomic Techniques of Marine Fishes for Conservation and Sustainable Fisheries Management. ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, pp. 220-246.

Text Winter School on Recent Development in Taxonomic Techniques of Marine Fishes for Conservation and Sustainable Fisheries Management_2022_Rekha J Nair_Groupers.pdf Download (1MB)

Abstract

Sea basses are mostly marine in habitat with widespread occurrence from tropical and temperate seas. Fishes are characterised by an opercle with three spines with the main spine in centre and one each above and below. Body scales are generally ctenoid with cycloid scales also reported. Lateral line is continuous, not extending onto caudal fin. Single continuous dorsal fin, in some with notches, 7- 13 spines. Anal fin with 3 spines; caudal fin usually rounded, truncate, or lunate. Tip of maxilla exposed, pelvic fin with one spine and five soft rays; seven branchiostegal rays usually present. Colour patterns are helpful for identification of species, but variations are common based on ground of capture. Colour changes have also been noticed when the fish are brought to the shore. Red List assessments show that 20 species (12%) risk extinction if current trends continue, and an additional 22 species (13%) are considered to be Near Threatened.

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