A note on the obligate symbiotic association between crab Zebrida adamsii White, 1847 (Decapoda: Pilumnidae) and Flower Urchin Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) (Camarodonta: Toxopneustidae) from the Gulf of Mannar, India.

Saravanan, Raju and Ramamoorthy, N and Sadiq, I Syed and Shanmuganathan, K and Gopakumar, G (2015) A note on the obligate symbiotic association between crab Zebrida adamsii White, 1847 (Decapoda: Pilumnidae) and Flower Urchin Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) (Camarodonta: Toxopneustidae) from the Gulf of Mannar, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 7 (10). pp. 7726-7728. ISSN 0974-7907

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Abstract

The Toxopneustes pileolus (Image 1) is one of the most venomous sea urchins. Venom comes from the disc-shaped pedicellariae, which is pale-pink with a white rim, but not from the white tip spines. Contact of the pedicellarae with the human body can lead to numbness and even respiratory difficulties. This species of sea urchin comes under the family Taxopneustidae which includes 11 other genera and 38 species. The general distribution of the flower urchin is Indo-Pacific in a depth range of 0–90 m (Suzuki & Takeda 1974).

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