Testing of Hypothesis Using SPSS and R

Jaggi, Seema and Varghese, Eldho (2023) Testing of Hypothesis Using SPSS and R. In: Training Manual on Advanced Analytical Tools for Social Science Research Vol.1. CMFRI Training Manual Series No. 29/2023 . ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, pp. 30-58.

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Abstract

In applied research, one is frequently interested in comparing a characteristic (like a group's mean or variance) with a predetermined value, or in comparing the characteristic between two or more groups. For example, one may want to know whether mean timber yield obtained from recently felled plantations of a particular age in a particular management unit is some specified value, one may wish to know whether average yield of a crop in a certain district is equal to a specified value, one may wish to compare two species of trees with regard to mean height, to know if genetic fraction of total variation in a strain is greater than a given value. One cannot merely use numerical comparison metrics like mean and variance when conducting such comparisons. This is so because each group is only represented by a sample of observations, and the numerical value would change if a different sample were taken. In a carefully planned controlled experiment, this variation between samples from the same population can only be decreased, never eliminated. When sampling variations affect observed differences between groups, obscuring true differences, one is obliged to form conclusions. The objective process offered by statistical science allows one to determine whether an observed difference among groups actually denotes any real differences. Such a procedure is called testing of hypothesis. Thus, in short, testing of hypothesis is a method of making due allowance for sampling fluctuation affecting results of experiments or observations. These tests have wide applications in agriculture, forestry, medicine, industry, social sciences, etc.

Item Type:	Book Section
Uncontrolled Keywords:	SPSS; R
Subjects:	Statistical Designs
Divisions:	CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Capture > Fishery Resources Assessment, Economics and Extension Division Subject Area > CMFRI > CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Capture > Fishery Resources Assessment, Economics and Extension Division CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Capture > Fishery Resources Assessment, Economics and Extension Division Subject Area > CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Capture > Fishery Resources Assessment, Economics and Extension Division
Depositing User:	Arun Surendran
Date Deposited:	28 Jun 2023 09:25
Last Modified:	30 Jun 2023 06:58
URI:	http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/id/eprint/17190

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