Anticoagulant and antiplatelet potential of Sargassum plagiophyllum (C. Agardh, 1824) derived phlorotannins: In vitro and In vivo evidence for functional food applications

George, Ans Mariya and Chakraborty, Kajal and Mereeta, T J and Pai, Ashwin A and Jalal, Shifa and Shilpa, K P (2026) Anticoagulant and antiplatelet potential of Sargassum plagiophyllum (C. Agardh, 1824) derived phlorotannins: In vitro and In vivo evidence for functional food applications. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 75 (104117). pp. 1-17. ISSN 1878-8181

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Abstract

Marine-derived polyphenols are increasingly recognized for their potential in promoting cardiovascular health through dietary intervention. This study investigates the anticoagulant and antiplatelet potential of phlorotannin-rich polyphenols extracted from Sargassum plagiophyllum (SPP). Ethanol extraction, followed by fractionation with ethyl acetate and resin-assisted purification using Amberlite XAD16, yielded a fraction enriched in phenolics (167.98 mg GAE/g) and phlorotannins (35.67 mg PGE/g). SPP demonstrated a significant concentration-dependent prolongation of both activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT; 56.34-114.79 s) and prothrombin time (PT; 26.22-114.84 s) at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL, respectively, compared to the PBS control (25.33 s for aPTT and 23.90 s for PT) (p < 0.05). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), SPP (25 μg/mL) significantly suppressed factor Xa (FXa) expression (93%) and reduced phosphorylated-myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase levels (88%), with effects comparable to those of heparin (6.25 μg/mL). In vivo studies using male C57BL/6 mice confirmed the anticoagulant efficacy of SPP. Administration of SPP (750 mg/kg body weight) significantly increased arterial thrombosis time (34.07 min) by 4.71-fold and prolonged bleeding time (3.60 min; 66.67% increase). SPP reduced thrombotic mortality to 16.7% in epinephrine-collagen-induced thrombosis models. Platelet aggregation was also attenuated (50.23% at 750 mg/kg body weight) in ADP-administered mice. The structural diversity of phlorotannins may contribute to potent anticoagulant activity, primarily by inhibiting key enzymes involved in the coagulation cascade. These findings highlight the potential of SPP as a promising bioactive ingredient for the development of functional foods aimed at managing thrombotic disorders through dietary intervention.

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