Seaweeds: Nature's super therapeutics? Immunomodulatory and anti-viral properties of sulfated rhamno xyloglucuronan isolated from Ulva fasciata Delile

Pai, Shilpa K and Chakraborty, Kajal and Pai, Ashwin A and Dhara, Subhajit and Mereeta, T J (2025) Seaweeds: Nature's super therapeutics? Immunomodulatory and anti-viral properties of sulfated rhamno xyloglucuronan isolated from Ulva fasciata Delile. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 300. pp. 1-12. ISSN 1879-0003

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Abstract

Green seaweeds, which constitute a significant portion of the global seaweed population, exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties. The study aimed to isolate a (1 → 4) linked sulfated rhamno xyloglucuronan, designated as UFP-2, from the edible green seaweed Ulva fasciata Delile, and to evaluate its efficacy in modulating immune responses and inhibiting infection by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Anti-inflammatory potential of UFP-2 was demonstrated through the regulation of key cytokines involved in inflammatory responses triggered by viral infections, including interferons (IFN-α/γ), interleukin (IL-1β/12/33), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses indicated downregulation of IFN-α and IL-1β, while TNF-α expression reduced from 29.28 % in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CALU-1 cells to 1.6–5.4 %, upon UFP-2 treatment. Treatment with UFP-2 at 125 μg/mL significantly downregulated the overexpression of IL-1β level in SARS-CoV-2-infected CALU-1 cells. Administering UFP-2 to SARS-CoV-2 (delta variant) induced cells led to a higher cycle threshold (Ct) values (20.34), indicating reduced viral load, with viral copy numbers decreasing from over 6.5 × 107 to <2.5 × 107 per cell. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicates that the sulfate groups and overall hydrophilicity of UFP-2 may enhance its binding affinity to target receptors, potentially disrupting viral entry and replication processes.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	(1 → 4) linked sulfated rhamno xyloglucuronan; Ulva fasciata Delile; Antiviral
Subjects:	Biochemistry > Bioactive compounds Biochemistry Algae > Seaweed
Divisions:	CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division Subject Area > CMFRI > CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division Subject Area > CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division
Depositing User:	Arun Surendran
Date Deposited:	30 Jan 2025 07:14
Last Modified:	30 Jan 2025 07:14
URI:	http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/id/eprint/19277

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