Phlorotannins from marine macroalga Turbinaria decurrens: Marine-derived bioactive with anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties for functional food applications

George, Ans Mariya and Chakraborty, Kajal and Mereeta, T J and Pai, Ashwin A (2025) Phlorotannins from marine macroalga Turbinaria decurrens: Marine-derived bioactive with anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties for functional food applications. Food Bioscience, 73. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2212-4306

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Abstract

Thrombosis-driven cardiovascular diseases are a major global health concern, prompting increased interest in safer, food-derived bioactives with anticoagulant potential. Marine brown algae, such as Turbinaria decurrens, are rich sources of phlorotannins, a class of polyphenolic compounds known for their multifaceted bioactivities. In this study, a phlorotannin-enriched fraction (TDP) was prepared from T. decurrens extract by fractionation on Amberlite XAD-16 resin and comprehensively characterized for its anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. TDP exhibited high levels of total phenolics (159.18 mg GAE/g) and phlorotannins (33.16 mg PGE/g), indicating its richness in bioactive compounds. Functionally, 25 μg/mL of TDP significantly prolonged coagulation times by extending the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to 112.07 s and the prothrombin time (PT) to 74.89 s, comparable to heparin (aPTT of 125.02 s and PT of 85.50 s). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), TDP (25 μg/mL) inhibited thrombin generation (78.2 %) and downregulated key coagulation proteins, including Factor Xa (FXa) and phosphorylated myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (p-MARCKS), by 6.68- and 7.51-fold, respectively. Furthermore, TDP at 25 μg/mL suppressed thrombin-induced calcium mobilization by 25.71 % and fibrin polymerization by 75.07 %, while inhibiting ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 57.9 %. High antioxidant activity and low cytotoxicity of TDP further support its suitability for incorporation into nutraceuticals aimed at managing thrombotic and oxidative stress-related disorders. This study highlights the potential of T. decurrens-derived phlorotannins as natural, multi-target bioactives in food-based health strategies.

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