Spatial and temporal variations in coastal dissolved oxygen along Gujarat, Northeastern Arabian Sea: Satellite and In‑Situ Data approach

Vase, Vinay Kumar and Rahangdale, Shikha and Kumar, Rajan and Jayasankar, J and Rohit, Prathibha and Ratheesh Kumar, R (2025) Spatial and temporal variations in coastal dissolved oxygen along Gujarat, Northeastern Arabian Sea: Satellite and In‑Situ Data approach. National Academy Science Letters. pp. 1-6. ISSN 2250-1754

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Abstract

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a critical water quality parameter supporting aquatic life and biogeochemical processes. This study examined inter-annual trends in satellite-derived DO and spatial and temporal variations in in-situ DO along Gujarat’s coastal waters. The average annual satellite DO significantly declined from 1993 to 2020 (R2 = 0.378). The highest DO levels were observed during the Winter Monsoon (5.32 ± 0.15 mg/L), while the lowest occurred during the Summer Inter-Monsoon (5.04 ± 0.14 mg/L). Stations showed a highly significant effect on DO (F (3,176) = 25.799, p < 0.0001), with higher values in coastal stations. The satellite DO was validated against in-situ DO with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.657, mean percentage error of 26.71%, average absolute error of − 1.38, bias of 0.10, RMSD of 0.746, and variability (R2 = 0.432). The observed decline in DO is mainly attributed to intense anthropogenic activities, industrial effluents, and climate change impacts like thermal stratification and algal blooms. Periodic DO monitoring in the coastal waters is essential for developing sustainable environmental management strategies.

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