Concepts of sampling, storage and analysis: Seawater and sediment

Sulochanan, Bindu (2024) Concepts of sampling, storage and analysis: Seawater and sediment. In: Know your Marine Biodiversity & Environment MarBiE 3: Water and Sediment Analytical Techniques with Special Reference to Marine Life. CMFRI Training Manual Series No: 45/2024 . ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, pp. 38-49.

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Abstract

The hydrological cycle is the process driven by the energy of the sun in which water travels from the Earth‘s surface to the atmosphere and back to the ground. About 97% of the Earth‘s water is contained in the oceans. And the rest of it is in the form of ice sheets and glaciers. Hence, it is very important to preserve the quality of water in this water cycle. Water enters the atmosphere as water vapour through evaporation, transpiration and sublimation. Water vapour high in the atmosphere forms into clouds through condensation. Water eventually returns to earth through precipitation as rain, snow, sleet and hail. When precipitation occurs over land, some water seeps into the ground as groundwater, a small amount is taken up by plants and animals, and the rest will return to rivers and streams as surface run-off to begin its journey back to the oceans.

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