Marine Biodiversity and Conservation in India

Sreeram, Miriam Paul (2019) Marine Biodiversity and Conservation in India. In: Advances in Marine Fisheries in India, 18-23 February 2019, Kochi.

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Abstract

Term "Earth" is a misnomer for this planet which is covered by oceans for 70% of its area. Life on Earth began from the oceans and they hold of the biological diversity of the planet. In 1992 the United Nations held the Earth Summit in Rio de Janiero, Brazil to discuss the state of the environment and the living beings which populate the Earth, which was attended by 172 nation states. A parallel summit of 2400 NGOs was also held. From the deliberation of the Summit arose three legally binding documents: “Convention on Biological Diversity, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change” and “UN Convention to Combat Desertification” which was subsequently signed by most of the attending states and the guiding principles of which laid the foundation for future legislation in the signatory countries. The term biological diversity was coined by Dasmann in 1968. The definition of biodiversity was given by United Nations, 1992 at the Earth Summit is as follows: "The variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems." It includes genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.

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