Management of fish /shellfish diseases using immunostimulants isolated from marine natural products and other additives

Abstract

Application of antibiotics and other chemicals in aquaculture has its own intricate problems. For example, regular use of antibiotics in fish or shrimp hatchery or grow out system may lead to development of not only antibiotic resistant fish/shrimp bacteria, but also human bacteria. Information is still lacking on the absorption and distribution of antibiotics in fsh and shrimp and persistence of residues or effects of them in the environment. Hence, promoting the holistic systems approach in managing fish/shellfish health problems needs special attention.